Signs that indicate extremely low vitamin B12 in the body

 Source: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news

Low levels of vitamin B12 in the body can be extremely harmful​

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. It is necessary for the production of red blood cells, the maintenance of a healthy nervous system, and the synthesis of DNA. Since our bodies cannot produce vitamin B12 on their own, we must obtain it through our diet or supplements.

What is the normal level of vitamin B12 a human body should have?​

Vitamin B12 levels above 300 pg/mL are considered to be normal. A vitamin B12 level of less than 200 pg/mL is considered to be deficient. When vitamin B12 levels drop significantly, it can lead to a condition known as vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency can have serious health consequences if left untreated.

Fatigue and weakness​

One of the most common and early signs of vitamin B12 deficiency is fatigue and weakness. This occurs because vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Without enough red blood cells, tissues and organs do not receive an adequate oxygen supply, leading to fatigue and weakness. Individuals with low B12 levels often describe feeling tired, sluggish, and lacking in energy, even after a full night's sleep.

Cognitive decline​

Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining a healthy nervous system, including the brain. Low B12 levels can affect cognitive functions, leading to difficulties in concentration, memory problems, and mental fogginess. In severe cases, it may even result in mood disturbances, such as depression and irritability. These cognitive impairments can impact daily life and overall well-being, making it crucial to address B12 deficiency promptly.

Numbness and tingling sensations​

Another hallmark sign of extremely low vitamin B12 levels is numbness and tingling sensations, particularly in the hands and feet. This condition, known as peripheral neuropathy, occurs because B12 deficiency can damage the myelin sheath that surrounds nerves. As a result, the nerves cannot transmit signals properly, leading to sensations of tingling, burning, or numbness. Over time, this can progress to more severe symptoms, such as muscle weakness and difficulty with balance and coordination.

Vision problems​

In some cases, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to vision problems. Optic neuropathy, a condition in which the optic nerve is damaged, can occur due to low B12 levels. This can result in blurred or disturbed vision, difficulty in distinguishing colors, and even vision loss in severe cases. While not a common symptom, it underscores the importance of addressing B12 deficiency promptly to prevent further complications.

Mouth ulcers​

Oral symptoms can also be indicative of vitamin B12 deficiency. Individuals with low B12 levels may experience glossitis, which is the inflammation of the tongue. This can make the tongue appear swollen, red, and shiny. Additionally, mouth ulcers or canker sores may develop, causing discomfort and pain while eating or speaking. These oral symptoms can be among the early signs of B12 deficiency.

Difficulty walking and balance issues​

As vitamin B12 deficiency progresses, it can lead to neurological symptoms, including difficulty walking and balance issues. This occurs due to the damage to the nerves that control muscle movement and coordination. Individuals with severe B12 deficiency may experience muscle weakness, stumbling, and an unsteady gait, making them more prone to falls and injuries.

Pale skin​

A deficiency in vitamin B12 can also manifest in changes to the skin's appearance. Anemia resulting from B12 deficiency can lead to a pale or jaundiced (yellowish) complexion. This occurs because the red blood cells produced in the absence of sufficient B12 can be abnormally large and fragile, leading to their early breakdown and a decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells in circulation. This can give the skin a pale or yellowish hue, a condition known as "megaloblastic anemia."