31 October, 2015

Surrogacy in India — Government to ban commercial surrogacy services

The business of surrogacy in India is booming and our country is quickly becoming a hub for foreigners who can’t have a baby themselves. But while it is great model and works well to boost our economy, the Indian government has told the Supreme Court that it will be banning the practice. In their intimation they told the court that they will not allow foreigners to have children through surrogates in Indian.

This move comes after the Supreme Court suggested that the government ban commercial surrogacy, stating that India was becoming the top destination for surrogacy tourism. The Supreme Court also asked the government to take a re-look at their policies that allow the import of human embryos.

That being said, surrogacy will still be an option for Indian couples.

Due to this suggestion the Directorate General of Foreign Trade has withdrawn the notification it made in 2013, allowing the free import of human embryos. Along the same lines, the Supreme Court had also asked the government to clarify if the import of human embryos would amount to commoditization of human life.

In its suggestions to the government, the Supreme Court had asked 14 questions, some of which are as follows:

·         Commercial surrogacy should ideally not be allowed in the country, but it is still a common practice. the trade of human embryos is also legally allowed which is becoming a business and has evolved into surrogacy tourism. Shouldn’t this practice be stopped?

·         They also asked the government — is the woman who donates her eggs for commercial surrogacy the mother of the child or are the biological and genetic donors also the mothers of the child born thus?

·         Does commercial surrogacy amount to exploitation of the surrogate?

·         And one of the most thought provoking questions the court asked was what the child would do if the parents refused to take him/her, due to a disability? Since we do not have any laws to protect the child once born through a surrogate, this is a loop hole that could be used.

Source: www.thehealthsite.com

31.10.2015

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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30 October, 2015

IT-Gandhinagar develops an eye for stroke

Stroke has left heart attack behind in terms of morbidity . Every three seconds, somebody suffers a stroke worldwide. India has a major contribution to the high number of stroke cases, with 3,800 patients every day. 

In such a scenario, IIT-Gandhinagar has developed a technique that not only provides an eye-gaze based diagnostic and prognostic tool but also operant conditioning for post-stroke therapy.

Funded by the Indian and French governments, the invention, called SmartEye, relates to a system for diagnosis and therapy of a person suffering from psychomotor symptoms. As participants look into visual simulations, an eye tracker detects anomalies in fixation and blinking patterns. Special gaze features convey abnormalities in graphical displays.

"Visual problems due to brain injury are often overlooked during initial treatment, lengthening rehabilitation period. Our cost-effective system uses quantitative interpretation from images of the eye to identify gaze-related indices as biomarkers of stroke. A patient is asked to look towards a slowly moving visual stimulus on the computer screen, and an integrated web-camera looks in the patient's eyes to capture gaze-related indices as biomarkers of stroke condition," said IIT-Gn assistant professor Uttama Lahiri, who worked with Dr Anirban Dutta (from INRIA, France) and Dr Abhijit Das (Institute of Neurosciences.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

30.10.2015

Common heartburn drugs may damage your kidney

Increased use of certain medications commonly used to treat heartburn and acid reflux may have damaging effects on the kidneys, say researchers, including one of Indian-origin. 

The researchers looked at the effects of the drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on chronic kidney disease (CKD). 

In one study, Pradeep Arora from State University of New York and his team found that among 24,149 patients who developed CKD between 2001 and 2008 (out of a total of 71,516 patients), 25.7 percent were treated with PPIs. 

PPI use was linked with a 10 percent increased risk of CKD and a 76 percent increased risk of dying prematurely. 

"As a large number of patients are being treated with PPIs, health care providers need to be better educated about the potential side effects of these drugs, such as CKD," Arora pointed out. 

In another study, Benjamin Lazarus from Johns Hopkins University and his colleagues followed 10,482 adults with normal kidney function from 1996 to 2011. 

They found that PPI users were between 20 percent and 50 percent more likely to develop CKD than non-PPI users, even after accounting for baseline differences between users and non-users. 

This discovery was replicated in a second study, in which over 240,000 patients were followed from 1997 to 2014. 

"In both studies, people who used a different class of medications to suppress stomach acid, known as H2-blockers, did not have a higher risk of developing kidney disease," Lazarus pointed out. 

"If we know the potential adverse effects of PPI medications we can design better interventions to reduce overuse," Lazarus noted. 

The findings will be presented at ASN (American Society of Nephrology) Kidney Week 2015 to be held at San Diego Convention Centre from November 3-8.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

30.10.2015

All you need in this life is ignorance and confidence then success is sure

Mark Twain

29 October, 2015

India recorded largest number of TB cases in 2014

United Nations: India recorded the largest number of Tuberculosis cases in the world last year, according to a report by the WHO that said 1.5 million people died in 2014 from the disease which ranks alongside HIV as a leading killer worldwide.

World Health Organisation's Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, released Wednesday, said that of the 9.6 million new TB cases in 2014, 58 per cent were in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions. India, Indonesia and China had the largest number of cases at 23 per cent, 10 per cent and 10 per cent respectively of the global total in 2014. Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa also had high numbers of TB cases last year.

Nearly 1.5 million people died from the disease last year, including 140,000 children, according to the report. "Most of these deaths could have been prevented. The disease ranks alongside HIV as a leading killer worldwide," it said.

Approximately 90 per cent of total TB deaths (among HIV- negative and HIV-positive people) and 80 per cent of TB deaths among HIV-negative people occurred in the African and South-East Asia Regions in 2014. India and Nigeria accounted for about one-third of global TB deaths (both including and excluding those among HIV-positive people), the report added.

The report noted that globally, TB prevalence in 2015 was 42 per cent?lower than in 1990.

The target of halving the rate compared with 1990 was achieved in three WHO regions ? the Region of the Americas, the South-East Asia Region and the Western Pacific Region ? and in nine high-burden countries of Brazil, Cambodia, China, Ethiopia, India, Myanmar, the Philippines, Uganda and Vietnam.

In 2014, there was a marked increase in global TB notifications for the first time since 2007.

The annual total of new TB cases, which had been about 5.7 million until 2013, rose to slightly more than 6 million in 2014, mostly due to a 29 per cent increase in notifications in India, which followed the introduction of a policy of mandatory notification in May 2012, creation of a national web-based reporting system in June 2012 and intensified efforts to engage the private health sector.

Source: www.zeenews.india.com

29.10.2015

India has 65 million diabetic patients

New Delhi: India has around 65 million diabetic patients, the number being second only to China, Apollo Hospital's senior endocrinologist S.K. Wangnoo said on Tuesday.

"The main reasons for the rise in the number of diabetic patients are lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor dietary habits," Wangnoo told IANS.

Creating awareness will be the key factor in treating and preventing diabetes, he said.

He also pointed out that "India does not have enough trained doctors to deal with the disease".

Meanwhile, 1,500 people, including doctors, participated in a marathon held for diabetes awareness on Sunday.

The campaign, organised in partnership with Hope and Helping Hands Society and Noida Running Group, was held on Sunday between 6 a.m. and 11 a.m. at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium here.

It included walk for diabetes awareness and Half Marathon, 11 km and 6 km.

Sharing the experience, Dr. Rekha Khandelwal said: "Being a diabetes patient, I realize the importance of early detection and management. Regular exercise keeps me going and my diabetes under control. This run was a great event to raise awareness about diabetes."

"A pathologist's job is to diagnose patients suffering from the disease. Rarely do we get a chance to spread awareness. This event helped me reach out to people and educate them about diabetes," Dr. Ila Jain, who too participated, commented.

Source: www.zeenews.india.com

29.10.2015

Who has confidence in himself will gain the confidene of others

Leib Lazarow

28 October, 2015

Television–Not just bad for your eyes, it kills too

Couch potatoes, you may want to lessen your TV-time as a team of researchers has linked prolonged TV viewing to 8 leading causes of death in the US. On average, 80 percent of American adults watch 3.5 hours of television per day and multiple observational studies have demonstrated a link between TV viewing and poorer health. The investigators reported an association between increasing hours of television viewing per day and increasing risk of death from most of the major causes of death in the United States.

Previous studies had reported a relationship between TV viewing and elevated risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease. In this study, researchers at the National Cancer Institute looked at more than 221,000 individuals aged 50-71 years old who were free of chronic disease at study entry. They confirmed the association for higher mortality risk from cancer and heart disease. In addition, they identified new associations with higher risk of death from most of the leading causes of death in the U.S., such as, diabetes, influenza/pneumonia, Parkinson’s disease and liver disease.

The results fit within a growing body of research, indicating that too much sitting can have many different adverse health effects, explained lead investigator Sarah K. Keadle. Keadle cautioned that although each of the associations observed have plausible biological mechanisms, several associations are being reported for the first time and additional research is needed to replicate these findings and to understand the associations more completely. The study appears in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.  

Source: www.thehealthsite.com

28.10.2015

Are you one of the 65 million Indians that are diabetic?

India has around 65 million diabetic patients, the number being second only to China, Apollo Hospital’s senior endocrinologist S.K. Wangnoo said on Tuesday. ‘The main reasons for the rise in the number of diabetic patients are lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor dietary habits,’ Wangnoo told IANS. Creating awareness will be the key factor in treating and preventing diabetes, he said. He also pointed out that ‘India does not have enough trained doctors to deal with the disease’. Meanwhile, 1,500 people, including doctors, participated in a marathon held for diabetes awareness on Sunday. 

The campaign, organised in partnership with Hope and Helping Hands Society and Noida Running Group, was held on Sunday between 6 a.m. and 11 a.m. at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium here. It included walk for diabetes awareness and Half Marathon, 11 km and 6 km. Sharing the experience, Dr. Rekha Khandelwal said: ‘Being a diabetes patient, I realise the importance of early detection and management. Regular exercise keeps me going and my diabetes under control. This run was a great event to raise awareness about diabetes.’ ‘A pathologist’s job is to diagnose patients suffering from the disease. Rarely do we get a chance to spread awareness. This event helped me reach out to people and educate them about diabetes,’ Dr. Ila Jain, who too participated, commented. 

Source: www.thehealthsite.com

28.10.2015

If you can imagine it,You can achieve it.If you can dream it,You can become it

William Arthur Ward

26 October, 2015

Your new clothes may retain harmful chemicals

The clothes that we wear, even those made from organic cotton, may retain chemicals that could potentially harm our health and environment, suggests new research.

As thousands of chemicals are used in clothes manufacturing, the researchers examined if there are chemicals in the clothes we buy as well.

In the study, 60 garments from Swedish and international clothing chains were tested.

An initial analysis found thousands of chemicals in the clothes and around a hundred chemicals were preliminary identified. Several of the substances were not on the producers' lists and were suspected to be by-products, residues or chemicals added during transport.

"Exposure to these chemicals increases the risk of allergic dermatitis, but more severe health effect for humans as well as the environment could possibly be related to these chemicals. Some of them are suspected or proved carcinogens and some have aquatic toxicity," said study author Giovanna Luongo from Stockholm University in Sweden.

Depending on occurrence, quantity, toxicity and how easily they may penetrate the skin, four groups of substances were chosen for further analysis.

The highest concentrations of two of these, quinolines and aromatic amines, were found in polyester.

Cotton contained high concentrations of benzothiazoles, even clothes made from organic cotton.

When the researchers washed the clothes and then measured the levels of chemicals, some of the substances were washed off, with a risk of ending up in aquatic environments.

Others remained to a high degree in the clothes, becoming a potential source of long-term dermal exposure, said the study conducted as part of Luongo's doctoral thesis.

"It is difficult to know if the levels of these harmful substances are hazardous, and what effects chemicals in our clothes can have in the long run," a statement released by Stockholm University said on Friday.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

26.10.2015

Drug from banana substance may help fight AIDS

A substance originally found in bananas and carefully edited by scientists could lead to drugs that fight off a wide range of viruses, including those that cause AIDS, Hepatitis C and influenza, new research suggests.

The new research focused on a protein called banana lectin, or BanLec, that "reads" the sugars on the outside of both viruses and cells.

The 26 scientists on the team - from Germany, Ireland, Canada, Belgium and the US - worked together over several years to figure out exactly how BanLec worked against viruses, and then to build a better version.

"What we have done is exciting because there is potential for BanLec to develop into a broad spectrum antiviral agent, something that is not clinically available to physicians and patients right now," said co-senior author of the study David Markovitz, professor at University of Michigan Medical School in the US.

Five years ago, scientists showed that the banana protein could keep the virus that causes AIDS from getting into cells - but it also caused side effects that limited its potential use.

This new research has created a novel form of BanLec that still fights viruses in mice, but does not have a property that causes irritation and unwanted inflammation, the scientists said.

They succeeded in peeling apart these two functions by carefully studying the molecule in many ways, and pinpointing the tiny part that triggered side effects.

Then, they engineered a new version of BanLec, called H84T, by slightly changing the gene that acts as the instruction manual for building it.

This resulted in a form of BanLec that worked against the viruses that cause AIDS, hepatitis C and influenza in tests in tissue and blood samples - without causing inflammation, the study said.

The researchers also showed that H84T BanLec protected mice from getting infected by flu virus.

The study was published in the journal Cell.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

26.10.2015

Build a dream and the dream will build you

Robert Schuller

21 October, 2015

Steroids' excessive use could weaken bones

Excessive use of steroids is increasingly causing a slew of health complications including thinning of skin, high blood sugar level and weaker bones, doctors have warned. According to the doctors, if a patient tries to quit steroids after a long time, there are chances that the person may suffer from severe depression.

"Steroids, although considered as life-saving medicines, can also cause certain side-effects. These side-effects even include thin skin, a higher blood sugar level, dry mouth, and irregular menstrual cycles," said Behram Pardiwala, consultant, internal medicines, Wockhardt Hospitals, in a statement. He said some steroid users often turn to other dangerous drugs to deal with the pain of steroid use.

"Continuous steroid abuse can lead to harmful health risks as well. Users inject intramuscularly or ingest them in liquid or pill form, as well as absorb through tropical creams. More health risks, including suffering from a stroke, liver failure or heart attack, are common."

According to a study, 20 percent of the deaths caused in body builders is due to the high doses of steroids which they use to build up their muscles. According to Sanjeev Chaturvedi, a medicine expert at Safdarjung hospital, steroids are not a medicine to be taken often.

"One should know that when the body is under stress it makes extra steroids. If one overdoses on steroids for a long time, the body may not be able to make enough steroids during times of stress," he said.

"The most common side-effects of steroids are aggression, uncontrollable mood-swings, and many psychiatric disorders. Violence and panic symptoms arise due to prolong use of steroids," he said.

The doctors, however, stated that certain types of steroids in medicines help to treat diseases like inflammatory bowel syndrome, autoimmune diseases, joint and muscle diseases and allergies and asthma. But the only problem with steroids is that they too should not be overdosed, doctors suggest.

"Oral steroids can help to treat many diseases and certain types of cancers, to treat autoimmune diseases, to increase the red blood cells, for delayed puberty and as a recuperating measures post-surgery," Chaturvedi said.

"However, there are many occasions when there is a reaction to the use of steroids, which should directly be reported to the doctors," he added.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

21.10.2015

The ill-effects of antibiotics

We're leading such a fast-paced lifestyle that often, to keep up with our schedules, we may pop antibiotics whenever we fall sick. While they may give your temporary relief, in the long run, they can cause irreversible damage to your body. Here are a few:

They increase the risk of obesity.

 According to studies, industrial raised animals are given low doses of antibiotics to make them fatter, which could also occur in humans.

Can cause type I diabetes.

Since antibiotics kill the beneficial bacteria in the intestines, they play havoc with your immune system. If you consume a large dose of them since an early age, it can cause your immune system to attack the pancreas, thus affecting your insulin-making process, causing diabetes.

They can destroy bacteria like H. pylori.

Though a bad bacteria, it is the reason which protects people from asthma. Killing it can lead to asthma.

Resistant to infections.

The biggest disadvantage of taking antibiotics on a regular basis is that it increases the risk of antibiotic resistant infections.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

21.10.2015

Challenges are what makes life interesting; overcoming them is what makes life meaningful

Joshua J. Marine

20 October, 2015

2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine for fighting malaria has roots in India?

Kolkata: The malaria cure artemisinin, whose discovery fetched Chinese scientist, Youyou Tu the Nobel prize in medicine this year, has roots in India, claims an Indian scientist.

Senior scientist from Hyderabad, Dr Sunil Kumar Verma has challenged the basis of giving the Nobel prize to Youyou Tu for the discovery of Artemisinin, an active compound extracted from a medicinal plant called Artemisia Annua that is used for curing malaria.

In his Facebook post, Verma, has said artemisinin was a variant of artemisin and it was mentioned in scientific literature published over 100 years ago.

To further his claims, Verma uploaded a snapshot of the book titled "Indian Medicinal Plants" published in 1918 by Lieutenant Colonel K.R. Kirtikar and Major B.D. Basu, which documents the use of artemisin to cure "intermittent and remittent fever", the common phrase for malarial fever, till 1880.

"Until that time, malaria was known in India with its symptoms i.e intermittent and remittent fever for which the use of artemisin was described in above verses," said Verma, a former Commonwealth scholar and a PhD from Oxford University, in his Facebook post.

Verma said the "name of artemisia species found in India is Ajavayan (ajwain) that is an integral part of our home kitchen".

Challenging the grounds, Verma, principal scientist at Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), questioned: "If the above knowledge is documented in the book named 'Indian Medicinal Plants' written a hundred years ago, how come artemisin became a traditional Chinese medicine and not Indian traditional medicine?"

"Even if it was used in China too (other than India) as traditional medicine for the treatment of intermittent fever (malaria), then the credit for this knowledge to the use of artemisin and its purification should be given to both India and China and not China alone," he said.

Source: www.zeenews.india.com

20.10.2015

Government allows transfer of blood between blood banks

New Delhi: The health ministry has permitted transfer of blood from one blood bank to another, a step that will help in transferring blood to the hospitals that face scarcity, an official statement said on Monday.

The ministry has also fixed an exchange value for surplus plasma available at some blood banks in the country.

"Now, an exchange value of Rs.1,600 per litre of plasma has been fixed and the blood banks with surplus plasma can exchange it for consumables, equipments or plasma derived products, as per their need," the health ministry said in the statement.

"Earlier, in the absence of the enabling provision, surplus plasma was traded or sold by the blood banks without any regulation whatsoever," the statement said.

The decision was taken after the recommendations made by the National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC), an apex body for formulating policy matters pertaining to the organization, operation, standards and training of a sustainable and safe blood transfusion service for the country.

Source: www.zeenews.india.com

20.10.2015

Change is the law of life; and those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future

John F. Kennedy

19 October, 2015

Here’s what you can do to reduce your child’s risk of heart attacks in adulthood

A recent research has linked childhood infections to increased risk of early heart attack. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer worldwide, including in Indonesia where it accounts for 31.9 percent of all deaths, said researcher Andriany Qanitha. Qanitha added that CVD risk factors are rising rapidly in South-East Asia, particularly in young people. Most Indonesian CVD patients are under 56 years old and still economically productive. This very young CVD onset raises the question of whether local circumstances may play a role.

She continued that infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, measles, chicken pox, bronchitis, tuberculosis and dengue fever are common in Indonesian children. Researchers hypothesised that infections experienced in childhood and adolescence might adversely affect the vasculature and initiate atherosclerosis, leading to premature acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or heart attacks. One explanation is that infection initiates chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis in the arteries, said Qanitha. ‘It could be that infection modifies CVD risk factors and leads to ACS.’

She concluded that the findings may apply to other countries in South-East Asia where infectious disease is still prevalent. Here governments and policymakers should have a combined strategy for tackling infectious disease and cardiovascular disease. Early-life infection may be a relatively unknown contributing factor in ACS occurrence. The study has been present during Poster Session 1: Databases, Registries and Surveys.  

Source: www.thehealthsite.com

19.10.2015

Premature birth increases one’s risk of developing mental illness

A new study has linked premature birth to weaker brain connections, suggesting that preemies are likelier to face mental health problems. Babies born prematurely face an increased risk of neurological and psychiatric problems that may be due to weakened connections in brain networks linked to attention, communication and the processing of emotions, the research showed. Studying brain scans from premature and full-term babies, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis zeroed in on differences in the brain that may underlie such problems.

The brain is particularly ‘plastic’ very early in life and potentially could be modified by early intervention, said principal investigator Cynthia Rogers, adding ‘We usually can’t begin interventions until after symptoms develop, but what we’re trying to do is develop objective measures of brain development in preemies that can indicate whether a child is likely to have later problems so that we can then intervene with extra support and therapy early on to try to improve outcomes.’

One of every nine infants in the United States is born early and, thus, with increased risk of cognitive difficulties, problems with motor skills, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders and anxiety. The researchers found that some key brain networks, those involved in attention, communication and emotion, were weaker in premature infants, offering an explanation for why children born prematurely may have an elevated risk of psychiatric disorders. Researchers found significant differences in the white matter tracts and abnormalities in brain circuits in the infants born early, compared with those of infants born at full term, said Rogers. The findings are being presented at Neuroscience 2015, the annual scientific meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.  

Source: www.thehealthsite.com

19.10.2015

Those who do not want to imitate anything, produce nothing

Salvador Dali

17 October, 2015

Yoga can improve a man's parenting skills

Practicing yoga, which can improve physical and mental health, may also help men become better fathers, suggests new research.

The three-year study with 14 different groups of male inmates took place at Chelan County Regional Jail in Wenatchee, Washington.

The programme was advertised among the jail population. Volunteers, who had to be parents of young children and pass a security screening, were recruited.

"We would have a class on a specific topic, like child development or setting limits," said researcher Jennifer Crawford from Washington State University.

"That would last about an hour, then a yoga instructor would come in and give a guided yoga class," Crawford noted.

The results showed that inmates demonstrated being more aware and accepting of their vulnerability and responsiveness to children, among other benefits.

The instructor started every class with a centering exercise, then taught simple sequences that focused on standing poses; more complicated poses were not used due to potential health issues among the inmates.

Outside of the class setting, the inmates did journaling exercises such as writing about their own upbringing or ways they communicate with their children.

"Yoga can be physically demanding, and the initial responses we got from the participants confirmed that," Crawford said.

"I believe the yoga practice helped participants become ready to learn and increased their willingness to try new ideas, absorb new information and begin to apply these in their lives," Crawford noted.

The study was published in the California Journal of Health Promotion.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

17.10.2015

Diabetics find exercising more difficult

Women with Type 2 diabetes find physical activity more difficult than non-diabetic women, which in turn threatens to make them more sedentary and cause their health to worsen, according to a new study.

In other words, the findings suggest, common household activities like climbing stairs or carrying groceries would feel more difficult to people with Type 2 diabetes than to their counterparts who don't have diabetes.

"We know regular physical activity prevents premature disability and mortality from Type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a critical part of disease management," said lead author Amy Huebschmann from University of Colorado.

"However, many people with the disease are generally sedentary for reasons that are not fully established," Huebschmann added.

But researchers may now be getting closer to an answer.

The study looked at 54 overweight women between 50 and 75 years of age who reported doing less than one hour of physical activity per week.

Approximately half of them had Type 2 diabetes while the others did not. Women were studied because the effects of Type 2 diabetes on exercise and cardiovascular function are typically worse among females than males. All of the women exercised on a stationary bicycle at a low to moderate intensity similar to the work needed to walk one mile in 25 minutes.

During the exercise, women reported how difficult it felt while also having blood drawn to test for lactate levels. The researchers found significantly higher lactate levels during low to moderate intensity exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes than their counterparts without the disease. They also tended to score higher on the Rating of Perceived Exertion that measures how difficult people rate the exercise.

"Exercise effort is an important barrier to physical activity because it is modifiable, and the perception of more intense effort during exercise has been associated with lower levels of usual physical activity," the study said.

The study was published in the journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

17.10.2015

The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle

Pierre de Coubertin