Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness
Here’s all you need to know about the hidden
dangers of popping pills
Painkillers can be broadly classified into two main
categories: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids.
Painkillers are among the most commonly used
medications worldwide. From over-the-counter options to prescription drugs,
they offer quick relief from a variety of ailments, such as headaches, muscle
aches and chronic pain conditions. However, while they can be effective in
alleviating discomfort, their excessive or improper use can lead to significant
health issues, particularly those of the stomach and kidneys.
Understanding Painkillers
Painkillers can be broadly classified into two main
categories: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids. NSAIDs
work by reducing inflammation and blocking pain signals in the body. Opioids,
on the other hand, interact with the nervous system to relieve severe pain but
come with a higher risk of dependency and adverse effects.
Impact on Stomach Health
Prolonged use of NSAIDs results in gastrointestinal
(GI) complications.
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining can cause pain, nausea
and vomiting.
- Peptic Ulcers: Open sores that develop on the stomach lining or the upper
part of the small intestine, leading to burning stomach pain, bloating and
indigestion.
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Chronic use of painkillers can result in
bleeding in the stomach, which may be life-threatening. Signs include dark
or bloody stools, vomitting blood or feeling faint.
The risk of these conditions increases with higher
doses, prolonged use and the use of multiple medications. Additionally,
individuals with a history of GI issues, older adults and those who consume
alcohol may be more susceptible to these side effects.
The Toll on Kidney Health
The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste
from the blood and maintaining fluid balance. Chronic painkiller use,
particularly NSAIDs and certain prescription medications, can strain the
kidneys, leading to various health complications:
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Overuse of painkillers can result in
sudden damage to the kidneys, causing them to lose their filtering
ability. This can lead to a buildup of waste products in the blood, which
can be dangerous.
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Long-term use of painkillers may
contribute to the gradual loss of kidney function, potentially leading to
kidney failure. This is especially concerning for individuals with
existing kidney conditions or those who are diabetic or hypertensive.
- Fluid Retention: Some painkillers can cause the body to
retain fluids, leading to increased blood pressure and additional strain
on the kidneys.
Signs to watch out for
Consult a doctor when you develop symptoms such as
persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, swelling in the legs or
ankles, fatigue and decreased urine output after you have had painkillers.
Best Practices for Safe Painkiller Use
To mitigate the risks associated with painkiller
use, consider the following recommendations:
- Follow Dosage Instructions: Always adhere to the prescribed or
recommended dosage. Avoid self-medicating and consult with a healthcare
professional if you have ongoing pain issues.
- Limit Duration of Use: Use painkillers for the shortest time
necessary. If pain persists, seek medical advice rather than relying on
painkillers for prolonged periods.
- Explore Alternatives: Depending on the type of pain,
non-pharmacological interventions like physical therapy, acupuncture, or
mindfulness practices, can provide effective relief without the associated
risks.
- Regular Check-Ups: If you are a regular user of
painkillers, consider routine medical check-ups to monitor stomach and
kidney health.
- Avoid Alcohol: Combining painkillers with alcohol can exacerbate the risks
of stomach irritation and kidney damage.