Lancet study shows Ayushman Bharat helped more people access timely cancer therapy

 Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

While better knowledge and healthcare facilities have reduced delays in starting cancer treatment in India, the decline was steeper among people enrolled in the Centre’s flagship Ayushman Bharat programme, according to a recent study published in the Lancet journal.

In other words, the health insurance-enabled access to therapy helped a larger number of patients. Timely initiation of cancer treatment increased by 36% across the population. However, it increased by 90% among those covered by the insurance scheme after 2018 as compared to the period between 1995 and 2017. The Ayushman Bharat scheme, which provides health cover to the poorest 40% of the country’s population, was rolled out in 2018.

“On World Cancer Day, a study published by Lancet shows that under AB PM-JAY (Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana), timely cancer treatment initiation improved significantly. Patients enrolled saw a 90% rise in access to cancer treatment within 30 days. Delays reduced and financial burden eased, a game-changer for India’s healthcare,” said Union Health Minister JP Nadda on X. He added that PM-JAY was bridging the gap in access to healthcare between rural and urban India, empowering millions to receive timely treatment.

STUDY FLAGS NEED FOR FACILITIES

While appreciating the government’s health safety net, the study looked at the data of nearly 6,700 cancer patients and made a strong case for a need to increase cancer care facilities such as radiotherapy machines. It found that the highest delay in treatment initiation was for radiotherapy, followed by chemotherapy and surgery. This “is an important argument for strengthening public healthcare infrastructure for provision of radiotherapy to cancer patients in India as well as inclusion of cost-effective chemotherapeutic agents in Ayushman Bharat,” the study said.

It flagged how the estimated 779 radiotherapy machines across the country fell short of the required numbers. Most high income countries have four machines per 10 lakh population while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least one machine per 10 lakh population. By this standard, India would need between 1,350 to 5,000 radiotherapy machines, the study said.

WHICH POPULATION SEGMENT SOUGHT TREATMENT

Researchers compared the people who initiated treatment on time to those who didn’t — meaning, those who started treatment within 30 days versus those who did it after 30 days. They found that timely treatment was started by younger patients under the age of 30 years (77% as compared to 23%), those who were more educated (70.2% as compared to 29.8%), and those who were covered under some scheme (69% as compared to 31%). Nearly 40% of the study participants were not covered by any scheme. Those with higher income were also less likely to delay treatment, according to the study.

The researchers said that the “…expansion of cancer care services under the national flagship insurance program…appear to have helped in decreasing the financial barriers to access and improve early initiation of treatment.”

WHICH CANCERS SAW TIMELY TREATMENT

The steepest decline in delayed treatment was seen for reproductive and genitourinary cancers, followed by breast cancer and blood cancers. The highest delays in accessing treatment were in patients whose cancer stage was not known, meaning it was not mentioned in their patient records.

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The researchers said this might be due to lack of access to proper diagnostic procedures, lack of trained manpower, or paucity of health facilities, leading to uncertainty of staging. This, in turn, may lead to improper or delayed decision-making on appropriate treatment.

Can your hair fall be linked to cold weather? Know what triggers it

  Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

 

Hair loss is a natural process, and the average person sheds between 50 to 100 hair strands per day

One primary factor contributing to increased hair shedding in winter is dryness in the air.

Hair loss is a common concern that often intensifies during the winter months. As a dermatologist, I frequently meet patients who report increased shedding in the colder season, and many wonder whether this phenomenon is genuinely linked to winter.

While it is not entirely inaccurate to say that hair loss appears to be more pronounced during this time, the reasons behind it are multifactorial. First, it is essential to understand the typical cycle of hair growth. Each hair follicle undergoes a growth phase (anagen), a resting phase (telogen), and a shedding phase (exogen). Hair loss is a natural process, and the average person sheds between 50 to 100 hair strands per day. However, during certain seasons, more strands may enter the shedding phase simultaneously, leading to what appears to be excessive hair loss.

Dry air: One primary factor contributing to increased hair shedding in winter is dryness in the air. Cold temperatures, along with lower humidity, can lead to drier skin and scalp. This dryness can result in scalp irritation, dandruff and a disrupted hair growth cycle. The scalp’s natural oils, which are essential for keeping the hair healthy, may be stripped away more easily due to reduced sebum production in colder weather.

Heating devices: Additionally, harsh indoor heating systems further exacerbate dryness, making the scalp more prone to flakiness and inflammation, which can, in turn, contribute to increased hair fall.

Headgear: During the colder months, people tend to wear hats, scarves, and other head coverings more frequently. While these can protect from the elements, prolonged friction or tightness from these accessories may lead to a condition called traction alopecia, where hair is pulled from the roots, causing gradual thinning.

Fewer washes: Additionally, people may wash their hair less frequently, allowing the scalp to accumulate oil, sweat, and product build-up, which can clog follicles and disrupt hair growth.

Diet: During the winter, many people tend to consume fewer fresh fruits and vegetables, which could result in a drop in the intake of essential vitamins and nutrients vital for hair growth. Deficiencies in vitamins like D, E, and B-complex, along with minerals such as zinc and iron, are linked to hair thinning.

Low Vitamin D: Shorter days and decreased sunlight exposure can lead to a reduction in vitamin D levels, which have been associated with hair loss conditions like telogen effluvium, where a larger percentage of hair follicles prematurely enter the shedding phase.

Why leafy green vegetables are winter superfoods

  Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

All you have to do is look for greens with vibrant colours and crisp leaves, store them in the refrigerator, wrapped in a damp cloth or paper towel and wash them thoroughly before use to remove dirt and pesticides.

As the temperature drops, our bodies crave nourishment to fight off the cold, boost immunity and maintain energy. While hearty soups and warm teas are winter staples, leafy greens are the unsung superheroes. The shorter growing season in winter ensures these greens are more nutrient-dense. Which ones deserve a place on your plate?

Spinach: Rich in iron, vitamin K, vitamin C and folate, spinach helps combat anaemia and boosts the immune system. Antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin support eye health while magnesium aids in maintaining energy levels. Spinach is also a good source of dietary fibre, promoting healthy digestion. Use spinach in soups, curries or even as a base for winter salads. Its mild flavour pairs well with a variety of spices and ingredients.

Kale: Rich in vitamins A, C, and K, it has calcium, which supports bone health and antioxidants that fight inflammation and protect against chronic diseases. Sauté kale with garlic for a quick side dish, blend it into smoothies or add it to stews.

Mustard Greens: Popular in many Asian and Indian cuisines, these greens are rich in vitamins C, K and beta-carotene. The sulfur-containing compounds in mustard greens act as natural detoxifiers, helping the body eliminate toxins. Try the sarson ka saag. Pair them with makki ki roti (corn flatbread) for a nutritious winter meal.

Fenugreek Leaves (Methi): They are a rich source of iron, fibre and protein, making them ideal for maintaining energy and preventing fatigue. Fenugreek leaves also have anti-inflammatory properties and help regulate blood sugar levels. Add methi to parathas, dals, vegetables or mix them in doughs for flatbreads.

Collard Greens: These are called Haakh and are used in Kashmir mostly. Rich in vitamin K, calcium and soluble fibre, they help reduce cholesterol and support heart health. They also contain glucosinolates, which have potential cancer-fighting properties. These hardy greens are at their best during winter and can be used in wraps, stews or stir-fries.

Amaranth Leaves: Packed with iron, calcium and potassium, they are essential for maintaining muscle and bone health. Amaranth is also rich in dietary fibre and antioxidants, supporting digestive health and reducing oxidative stress. Can be used in curries, stir-fries or even as a filling for savoury pies.

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All you have to do is look for greens with vibrant colours and crisp leaves, store them in the refrigerator, wrapped in a damp cloth or paper towel and wash them thoroughly before use to remove dirt and pesticides. 

Can Vitamin D deficiency lead to obesity?

 Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

Not everyone with obesity will experience vitamin D deficiency, though the risk is higher.

Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient that plays a role in many bodily functions, including bone health, immune support and mood regulation. However, there is a lot of confusion surrounding its relationship with obesity. Let’s take a closer look at some common myths and facts about vitamin D deficiency and obesity.

Myth: Vitamin D deficiency causes obesity.

Fact: While vitamin D deficiency is linked to obesity, it is not the cause of it. Obesity is primarily influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices (like diet and physical activity) and hormonal imbalances. Vitamin D deficiency, on the other hand, may be more of a consequence of obesity rather than a cause.

Excess fat in the body can store vitamin D in fat cells, preventing it from circulating freely in the bloodstream where it is needed. This reduced availability of vitamin D can make it difficult for individuals with obesity to maintain optimal vitamin D levels. However, this does not mean that vitamin D deficiency directly leads to obesity.

Myth: People with obesity cannot absorb vitamin D.

Fact: It’s not that people with obesity cannot absorb vitamin D, but rather that excess fat can sequester the vitamin, making it less available in the bloodstream. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means it is stored in fat cells. When an individual has a higher body fat percentage, vitamin D is more likely to be trapped in these fat cells, reducing its availability for other bodily functions. Therefore, people with obesity often need higher doses of vitamin D to achieve adequate levels in the blood.

Myth: Obese individuals don’t need to worry about vitamin D deficiency.

Fact: Obese individuals are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. Due to the way vitamin D is stored in fat tissue, people with higher body fat are more likely to have lower blood levels of the nutrient.

Myth: Taking vitamin D supplements will automatically help with weight loss.

Fact: While vitamin D supplements can help address a deficiency, they are not a weight-loss solution. A combination of healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight management strategies is necessary.

Myth: Obesity has no impact on vitamin D metabolism.

Fact: Obesity does affect vitamin D metabolism. In individuals with excess body fat, the liver, and muscle tissue can also impact vitamin D processing. Fatty liver, which is common in people with obesity, can reduce the liver’s ability to convert vitamin D into its active form, calcitriol. Additionally, excess muscle mass can bind to vitamin D, decreasing its bioavailability.

Myth: Obesity will always lead to vitamin D deficiency.

Fact: Not everyone with obesity will experience vitamin D deficiency, though the risk is higher. Several factors, including dietary habits, sun exposure and overall health can influence vitamin D levels.

 

Is overusing painkillers harming your stomach and kidney?

 Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

Here’s all you need to know about the hidden dangers of popping pills

Painkillers can be broadly classified into two main categories: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids.

Painkillers are among the most commonly used medications worldwide. From over-the-counter options to prescription drugs, they offer quick relief from a variety of ailments, such as headaches, muscle aches and chronic pain conditions. However, while they can be effective in alleviating discomfort, their excessive or improper use can lead to significant health issues, particularly those of the stomach and kidneys.

Understanding Painkillers

Painkillers can be broadly classified into two main categories: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids. NSAIDs work by reducing inflammation and blocking pain signals in the body. Opioids, on the other hand, interact with the nervous system to relieve severe pain but come with a higher risk of dependency and adverse effects.

Impact on Stomach Health

Prolonged use of NSAIDs results in gastrointestinal (GI) complications.

• Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining can cause pain, nausea and vomiting.
• Peptic Ulcers: Open sores that develop on the stomach lining or the upper part of the small intestine, leading to burning stomach pain, bloating and indigestion.
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Chronic use of painkillers can result in bleeding in the stomach, which may be life-threatening. Signs include dark or bloody stools, vomitting blood or feeling faint.

The risk of these conditions increases with higher doses, prolonged use and the use of multiple medications. Additionally, individuals with a history of GI issues, older adults and those who consume alcohol may be more susceptible to these side effects.

The Toll on Kidney Health

The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste from the blood and maintaining fluid balance. Chronic painkiller use, particularly NSAIDs and certain prescription medications, can strain the kidneys, leading to various health complications:

• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Overuse of painkillers can result in sudden damage to the kidneys, causing them to lose their filtering ability. This can lead to a buildup of waste products in the blood, which can be dangerous.
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Long-term use of painkillers may contribute to the gradual loss of kidney function, potentially leading to kidney failure. This is especially concerning for individuals with existing kidney conditions or those who are diabetic or hypertensive.
• Fluid Retention: Some painkillers can cause the body to retain fluids, leading to increased blood pressure and additional strain on the kidneys.

Signs to watch out for

Consult a doctor when you develop symptoms such as persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, swelling in the legs or ankles, fatigue and decreased urine output after you have had painkillers.

Best Practices for Safe Painkiller Use

To mitigate the risks associated with painkiller use, consider the following recommendations:

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1. Follow Dosage Instructions: Always adhere to the prescribed or recommended dosage. Avoid self-medicating and consult with a healthcare professional if you have ongoing pain issues.
2. Limit Duration of Use: Use painkillers for the shortest time necessary. If pain persists, seek medical advice rather than relying on painkillers for prolonged periods.
3. Explore Alternatives: Depending on the type of pain, non-pharmacological interventions like physical therapy, acupuncture, or mindfulness practices, can provide effective relief without the associated risks.
4. Regular Check-Ups: If you are a regular user of painkillers, consider routine medical check-ups to monitor stomach and kidney health.
5. Avoid Alcohol: Combining painkillers with alcohol can exacerbate the risks of stomach irritation and kidney damage.

 

Drinking 3 litres of water but still feeling exhausted? Here’s how to have water at the right time

 Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

As we all know, water prevents dehydration, helps regulate your body temperature and blood pressure, lubricates your joints, keeps your spine in fine fettle and rids the body of waste and toxins. (Representational)

We are often told to consume about three litres of water every day. However, spacing out this amount throughout the day is more important for your body to function optimally. As we all know, water prevents dehydration, helps regulate your body temperature and blood pressure, lubricates your joints, keeps your spine in fine fettle and rids the body of waste and toxins.

WHAT ARE YOUR DAILY WATER REQUIREMENTS?

Men: Approximately 3.7 litres (or about 13 cups) per day.

Women: Approximately 2.7 litres (or about 9 cups) per day.

This includes all fluids consumed, not just water.

WHAT ARE FACTORS INFLUENCING NEEDS?

Activity Level: Increased physical activity raises water needs.

Climate: Hot or humid weather can lead to increased perspiration.

Health Status: Conditions like fever or diarrhoea require additional fluid intake.

HOW TO SPACE OUT WATER CONSUMPTION?

To maximise hydration benefits, consider the following strategies for spacing your water intake throughout the day:

Morning Hydration: Start your day with a glass of water upon waking. This helps to rehydrate your body after several hours of sleep and wash out toxins.

Regular Intervals: Aim to drink water at regular intervals rather than consuming large amounts at once. A good practice is to drink a glass of water every hour.

Use reminders: Set app alerts to prompt you to drink water throughout the day.

Pre-Meal Consumption: Drink a glass of water about 30 minutes before meals. This not only aids digestion but can also help control hunger, preventing you from overeating and helping in weight management.

During Meals: Sipping water during meals can aid digestion but avoid excessive consumption as it may dilute digestive enzymes. Drink water an hour after the meal to allow the body to absorb the nutrients.

Before a bath: Drink one glass of water before taking a bath to help lower your blood pressure.

Post-Exercise Hydration: After physical activity, replenish lost fluids by drinking water or electrolyte-rich beverages.

Evening Routine: Limit water intake in the evening to avoid disruptions in sleep due to nighttime bathroom visits but ensure you are adequately hydrated throughout the day.

Before sleep: Drink one glass of water an hour before bedtime to replenish any fluid loss that can occur during the night.

HOW DO I KNOW I AM DEHYDRATED?

Monitoring your hydration status is crucial. Common signs of dehydration include thirst, dark yellow urine, fatigue, dizziness and dry mouth. If you experience these symptoms, increase your fluid intake promptly.

HYDRATION TIPS FOR SPECIAL NEEDS

During Exercise: Drink water before, during, and after exercise. For prolonged activities (over an hour), consider electrolyte drinks.

In Hot Weather: Increase fluid intake in hot conditions or when engaging in outdoor activities to compensate for increased sweat loss.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should increase their fluid intake to support their own health and that of their baby.

Here is a fun fact: Almost three-fourths of your brain contains fluid, so if you are dehydrated, blood vessels in this organ shrink. That’s why you feel listless, have a lack of focus and stamina.

 

Are dark chocolate, cinnamon, coffee and green tea enough to reduce blood sugar?

 Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness

These days the internet is full of theories about how bitter polyphenols — the kind you find in dark chocolate, cinnamon, cloves, basil, coffee and green tea as well as in some fruits, vegetables, legumes, wholegrains, nuts and seeds — can lower the risk of diabetes. The logic goes that they reactivate taste receptors not only in the mouth but the gut. These in turn trigger secretion of hormones that may help lower a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes and obesity.

At first glance, the association between bitter polyphenols and improved metabolic health might seem compelling. After all, these compounds have been shown to have various beneficial effects in other contexts. However, attributing a straightforward, guaranteed diabetes prevention capability to them oversimplifies a complex issue.

Polyphenols or plant micro-nutrients have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potential metabolic effects. Bitter polyphenols, like those found in bitter melon, have been studied for their effects on blood glucose regulation. Some research indicates that these compounds may influence glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin sensitivity or modulating carbohydrate digestion. For instance, bitter melon contains compounds like charantin and polypeptides that may mimic insulin action or affect glucose uptake. However, these effects have been observed in controlled laboratory settings and animal models, with mixed results in human studies.

Clinical trials investigating the impact of bitter polyphenols on diabetes risk are limited and often yield inconclusive results. While some studies have demonstrated potential benefits, the evidence is not robust enough to conclusively state that bitter polyphenols alone can significantly reduce diabetes risk.

The impact of any single nutrient or food component on diabetes risk cannot be isolated from an individual’s overall dietary pattern and lifestyle. A diet rich in various polyphenol-containing foods is associated with better metabolic health. But that’s because these foods are also nutrient-dense and antioxidant-rich.

Besides, genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual responses to dietary interventions. What works for one person might not work for another, and the effectiveness of polyphenols in diabetes prevention can vary based on genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors.

Of the polyphenols that work for diabetes and obesity are curcumin, found in turmeric, resveratrol, which is found in grapes, peanuts and berries, quercetin, which is found in onions, catechin, which is found in cocoa and green tea.

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While incorporating bitter polyphenol-rich foods into a balanced diet can be part of a healthy lifestyle, relying solely on these foods as a preventive measure against diabetes is not advisable. A comprehensive approach to diabetes prevention includes maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and consuming a diverse range of nutrients from various food sources.