29 May, 2015

Signs of heart attack women should know

Studies show heart attacks and heart disease are under-diagnosed in women, as their symptoms do not match that of men. To prevent a heart attack from sneaking up on you, watch for these seven little-known signs of heart attack:

Fatigue
More than 70 per cent of women reported extreme fatigue in the months prior to their heart attacks. This was an overwhelming fatigue that sidelined them from their usual schedules for a few days at a time.

Insomnia
Despite their fatigue, women who've had heart attacks remember experiencing unexplained inability to fall asleep during the month before their heart attacks.

Anxiety and stress

Stress has long been known to up the risk of heart attack. But what women report is the emotional experience; before their heart attacks they felt anxious and stressed, more than usual.

Indigestion or nausea

Stomach pain, intestinal cramps, nausea, and digestive disruptions are other signs reported by women heart attack patients.

Shortness of breath

Women couldn't catch their breath while walking up the stairs or doing other daily tasks.

Flu-like symptoms

Clammy, sweaty skin, along with feeling light-headed and weak, can lead women to wonder if they have flu when, in fact, they're having a heart attack.

Jaw, ear, neck, or shoulder pain

Many women say they felt pain and a sensation of tightness running along their jaw and down the neck, and sometimes up to the ear, as well. The pain may extend down to the shoulder and arm--particularly on the left side--or it may feel like a backache or pulled muscle in the neck and back.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

29.05.2015

Why lone kidney grows large when other is lost

Scientists have given an explanation to why in case you end up with just one kidney, the lone organ gets bigger. 

When a kidney is removed due to injury or for transplantation, the other kidney can rapidly get 50 to 60 percent bigger, an apparent physiological attempt to expand its capacity. 

The increased blood flow to the kidney that results from going from two to one also delivers more protein-building amino acids, which trigger the growth. 

"Everybody thinks it makes sense that the kidney gets bigger, but how does the remaining kidney even know that the other kidney is gone?" said Jian-Kang Chen, a pathologist and kidney researcher at the Medical College of Georgia at the Georgia Regents University. 

A decade ago, Chen showed that activation of a protein called mTOR plays a major role in the hypertrophy of the lone kidney. 

Now, the research team found that in mice the increased availability of amino acids prompts increased activation of a compound called mTORC1. 

In the kidneys, mTORC1 functions at a level that maintains the healthy status quo and regulates protein synthesis, cell growth and a nutrient sensor. 

When one kidney is lost, mTORC1 senses more amino acids coming to the remaining kidney. 

"For a cell to grow bigger, it has to have increased protein synthesis, which is regulated by mTORC1," Chen noted. 

Amino acids come from the proteins we consume, enabling us to make proteins so that we can build muscles, bones, and other key tissues. 

The study was published in the journal of Clinical Investigation. 

Source: www.timesofindia.com

29.05.2015

An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea

Edward de Bono