Thursday, 26 March 2015

27 March, 2015

Beware! Air pollution can increase risk of stroke, anxiety

Here is another reason why you should not use your car too often and consider buying a cycle instead. According to a new research, air pollution can increase your risk of stroke and anxiety.
In a systematic review and meta-analysis, a team of researchers from Edinburgh University looked at the association between short-term air pollution exposure and stroke-related hospital admissions and deaths.
In total, they analysed 103 observational studies that covered 28 countries across the world. The results, published in The BMJ, showed an association between carbon monoxide (1.5 percent increased risk per 1 ppm), sulphur dioxide (1.9 percent per 10 ppb) and nitrogen dioxide (1.4 percent per 10 ppb) and stroke-related hospital admissions or death.

Both PM 2.5 and PM 10 were associated with hospital admissions or deaths due to stroke, by 1.1 percent and 0.3 percent per 10 Aug/m3 increment, respectively.
The first day of air pollution exposure was found to have the strongest association. Low to middle-income countries experienced the strongest associations compared to high-income countries.

Only 20 percent of analysed studies were from low- to middle-income countries — mostly mainland China — despite these countries having the highest burden of stroke.
‘These results suggest a need for policy changes to reduce exposure in such highly polluted regions,’ concluded the authors.

A second study from researchers at The Johns Hopkins and Harvard Universities examined the association between particulate air pollution and anxiety.
Exposure to particulate matter was linked to a higher risk of anxiety. PM2.5 was found to have a significant association with anxiety.


27.03.2015



Are red blood cell traits responsible for your child’s risk of malaria?


According to the scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the risk of your child to suffer from malaria is linked to red blood cell traits. These findings can act as a major breakthrough in the field of medicine as they might help in achieving future targets for new malaria drugs and vaccines.

What were the study results?
Researchers found that a genetic condition known as homozygous X-linked G6PD deficiency correlated with a reduced risk of malaria in girls only. Meanwhile, HbC-trait, in which the body makes an abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobin C, appeared to increase malaria risk in children. Scientists hope this study will lead to further research into the molecular mechanisms of the malaria-protective effects of red blood cell variants.

Does sickle cell anemia protect against malaria?
Specifically, the sickle-cell trait HbAS, which means an individual carries only one defective gene that causes the production of abnormal hemoglobin, appeared to correlate with protection from malaria in early childhood and reduced the density of malaria parasites in children who did become ill.

How was the study carried out?
From 2008 to 2011, NIAID scientists and their collaborators followed 1,543 children ranging from 6 months to 17 years old in Mali, a West African country with a high incidence of childhood malaria. Throughout the study period, the children experienced a total of 4,091 episodes of malaria. Investigators observed that several red blood cell variants–inherited disorders associated with abnormal forms or decreased production of the oxygen-carrying blood protein haemoglobin — were associated with malaria risk.


27.03.2015









All change is not growth as all movement is not forward

Ellen Glasgow



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