Wednesday, 25 June 2014

26, June 2014

Now a virus that kills cancer cells!

A virus can be used to kill triple-negative breast cancer cells and tumours grown from these cells in mice, finds a new research. Understanding how the virus kills cancer cells may lead to new treatments for breast cancer, according to Penn State College of Medicine researchers. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infects humans, but is not known to cause sickness. ‘Treatment of breast cancer remains difficult because there are multiple signalling pathways that promote tumour growth and develop resistance to treatment,’ said Craig Meyers, professor of microbiology and immunology at Pennsylvania State University in the US.
In prior studies, the researchers tested the virus on a variety of breast cancers that represent degrees of aggressiveness on human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancer cells. The virus initiated apoptosis – natural cell death – in cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. Treatment of breast cancer differs from patient to patient due to differences in tumours. A triple-negative breast cancer is typically aggressive. ‘There is an urgent and ongoing need for the development of novel therapies which efficiently target triple-negative breast cancers,’ Meyers said.
In the current study, the researchers tested AAV2 on a cell-line representative of triple-negative breast cancer. The AAV2 killed 100 percent of the cells in the laboratory by activating proteins called caspases, which are essential for the cell’s natural death.  
AAV2 mediated cell killing of multiple breast cancer cell lines representing both low and high grades of cancer and targeted the cancer cells independent of hormone or growth factor classification. ‘These results are significant, since tumour death in response to therapy is also used as the measure of an effective chemotherapeutic,’ Meyers said. The findings appeared in the journal Cancer Biology & Therapy.  
26.06.2014




Are heart tests likely to give you cancer?

Radiation from standard X-rays do not significantly raise cancer risks for young children, in general, but children undergoing more complex procedures with higher radiation have higher risks, says a study. ‘Cancer risk overall is relatively low, but we hope that this awareness will encourage providers to limit radiation exposure in children, when alternative procedures can offer the same benefit with less radiation,’ said Jason Johnson, an assistant professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in the US.  
Researchers reviewed medical records to find the most common imaging procedures, calculated how much radiation organs absorb during each procedure and then used a report from National Academy of Sciences in the US to analyse lifetime cancer risks based on the amounts of each procedure’s exposure. Lifetime cancer risk increases ranged from 0.002 percent for chest X-rays to 0.4 percent for complex CT scans and cardiac catheterisations. The study appeared in the journal Circulation.  
26.06.2014








Anything worth doing is worth doing poorly until you learn to do it well


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