Sunday, 17 November 2013

18 November, 2013

Adolescents need vaccination to bring down premature births

There is a need for the government to concentrate on providing adolescent immunisation and healthcare if it wants to bring down the child mortality rate in the country, child specialists said on Saturday. Adolescents are teenagers between 13 to 19 years old. 
According to a paediatrician, adolescent immunisation should pertain not only to at the time of pregnancy, but be carried out on a regular basis. ’As per the National Health Family Survey (NHFS), 53 percent of girls in our country get married before they turn 18 years, and with it comes various delivery-related problems. Pre-mature and low weight child being born are the major ones, so it is important that government concentrate on adolescent healthcare and immunisation,’ C.P. Bansal, national president of the Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) told IANS.
‘Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which prevents the development of cervical cancer, the tetatnus and pertussis vaccine and second boosters of vaccines that prevent diseases like measles and chicken pox need to be made a part of the national immunisation schedule for the adolescent,’ Bansal said.
To address the issue and as a part of the golden jubilee celebrations, the academy has launched the ‘Mission Kishore Uday’ programme in 50 cities across the country.
‘It is a unique adolescent health programme for paediatricians, parents, teachers and adolescents themselves. The paediatrician will deal with health issues, parents and teachers will learn about handling adolescents with empathy and care,’ Ashok Rai, vice president, IAP told IANS.
The IAP has also launched programmes like Mission Uday to bring down the child mortality rate in the country through extensive training of birth attendants and untrained paramedical staff.
‘As child mortality rates are higher in rural areas, where the people do not have access to new technology, we have trained around two lakh birth attendants and untrained paramedics,’ Rai said. IAP is also holding a conference with the paediatric association of SAARC nations Sunday to discuss interventions to prevent child mortality. IAP was established in 1963 and is an association with over 23,000 members across the country, and a presence in 26 states and 303 districts, with city-level branches.
18.11.2013



Donor age not a factor in most corneal transplants

 A donor’s age may have no impact on the outcome of corneal transplants, a study in the US journal Ophthalmology said on Friday. Corneas from 71-year-old donors are likely to remain as healthy as those from donors half that age 10 years after their transplant, Xinhua cited from the study, funded by the US National Institute of Health (NIH). The study of 663 participants found that the transplant success rates for corneas from donors aged 12 to 65 and aged 66 to 75 after 10 years was similar at 77 percent and 71 percent respectively.
However, when the investigators separated the donors into smaller age groups they found some differences. The success rate remained steady at 75 percent for the vast majority of donors aged 34 to 71. But it increased to 96 percent for donors aged 12 to 33 and decreased to 62 percent for donors aged 72 to 75.
Surgeons often seek the youngest corneal tissue available regardless of patient age. Historically, some surgeons set extremely restrictive upper age limits, the NIH said in a statement, adding that when the study began in 2000 many surgeons would not accept corneas from donors over 65. ‘Our study supports continued expansion of the corneal donor pool beyond age 65,’ said study co-chair Edward Holland, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Cincinnati.
‘We found that transplant success rates were similar across a broad range of donor ages,’ said Holland, who is the director of the Cornea Service at the Cincinnati Eye Institute.
The cornea is the clear window that allows light into the eye and helps focus it. Scarring, swelling or other damage to the cornea can lead to blurred vision. Such damage can occur after injuries or infections, from inherited conditions, or as a complication of cataract surgery.
A corneal transplant is performed when decreased vision or discomfort from corneal damage cannot be corrected with lenses or medication. It involves removing a portion of the damaged cornea and grafting corneal tissue from a deceased donor in its place.
More than 46,000 corneal transplants were performed in the US last year, the NIH said.
In addition, eye banks in the US exported about 20,000 corneas to other countries in 2012, an increase of 7 percent over 2011.
18.11.2013







It is no good to try to stop knowledge from going forward. Ignorance is never better than knowledge


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