Sunday, 20 October 2013

21 October, 2013

New urine test to detect blood clots
Scientists, including one of Indian-origin, have developed a simple urine test to detect dangerous blood clots, which can cause life-threatening conditions such as strokes and heart attacks.
In a new study published in the journal ACS Nano, researchers Sangeeta N Bhatia, lead author and PhD candidate Kevin Lin and postdoctoral fellow Gabriel Kwong describe the results of the urine test on laboratory mice. Blood clots - clumps of platelets and fibrin proteins - can threaten to choke off blood flow and lead to a wide range of serious and sometimes fatal conditions including atherosclerosis and stroke.
Usually, blood clots are a good thing. They form a plug that stops the bleeding after an injury. But sometimes, a clot forms when it really isn't needed, such as when a person sits too long on a long-distance flight and develops "deep-vein thrombosis."
In that case, a clot forms in the leg, blocking blood flow and causing leg pain. But it also can dislodge and move throughout the body to the heart or even the brain, which is life-threatening. Diagnosing a blood clot, or thrombosis, is tricky, however, and current clinical tests aren't always reliable.
Researchers wanted to develop a simple and more reliable way to test for these obstructive blood clots. They describe development and testing of "synthetic biomarkers" - lab-made materials for detecting what is going on in the body. They added small pieces of proteins called peptides onto nanomaterials that are similar to those already approved and used in the clinic.
They injected the tiny nanomaterials into mice, which are stand-ins for humans. The peptides got chopped up if a blood clot was actively forming in the mice, and those peptide fragments were detected in a simple urine test.
"Our results demonstrate that synthetic biomarkers can be engineered to sense vascular diseases remotely from the urine and may allow applications in point-of-care diagnostics," the researchers said.
21.10.2013



Wearing tight belts may cause throat cancer
Wearing a belt which is too tight can increase the risk of developing throat cancer, especially in overweight people, a new study has warned.
Scottish experts claim that restriction around the waist, especially if someone is overweight, can allow stomach acid to move up into the gullet which can cause damage that increases risk of oesophageal cancer.
Doctors from Glasgow and Strathclyde universities and Southern General Hospital recruited 24 healthy volunteers with no history of acid reflux.
Half the volunteers had normal waist sizes while the rest were overweight. Each was asked to swallow a specially designed probe, which took a range of measurements both before and after each participant had eaten a meal, 'The Daily Record' reported.
Measurements were also taken while the volunteers were wearing a tight belt and without a belt. Researchers found that even in healthy volunteers, wearing a tight belt and being overweight caused a partial hiatus hernia and acid reflux.
"Wearing a tight belt, especially if you are overweight, puts strain on the valve between the stomach and the gullet. This causes stomach acid to leak upwards into the gullet," said lead researcher Professor Kenneth McColl, of Glasgow University's institute of cardiovascular and medical sciences.
"Unlike the stomach, which is designed to withstand this, the gullet is damaged by the acid. This causes heartburn and, in the longer term, possibly oesophageal cance
21.10.2013









Weak men believe in luck but      strong men believe in cause and effect

Ralph Waldo Emerson

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