30, April 2014

Women undergoing cosmetic procedures of feet for designer shoes’ sake!​

Women are now undergoing surgery to fit themselves in designer shoes better. According to the New York Times, a handful of LA and NYC-based podiatrists perform procedures specifically designed to help women fit comfortably into designer heels, Fox News reported. Aesthetic toe-shortening, fat-pad augmentation, and toe-lengthening procedures are the most common, according to one Beverly Hills podiatrist, who brands his procedures with names like ‘the Cinderella’ and ‘Perfect 10!’  

A Park Avenue podiatrist, who recommends Prada and Michael Kors for women looking for a wider shoe, offers injectable fillers for cushioning and other injections to tame profuse sweating; another NYC practitioner corrects what he calls Hitchhiker’s Toe (a case of an outsize big toe) but drew the line at one patient’s request: amputation of a pinkie toe to allow for a better fit.

And it’s not a new trend: The Times checked in on it in 2003, focusing on the ‘perils on the procedures’—an elective bunion removal, for instance, that ended up saddling the patient with serious foot pain. Time points out that woman are doing other ‘gross things’ for fashion’s sake, like Botoxing their calves to make them skinnier, and thereby better suited for skinnyjeans and slim boots.  

Source: http://health.india.com

30.04.2014

Low blood sugar can lead to heart attacks!

London, April 29 (IANS) If you thought only high blood sugar was bad for your health, think again. A study conducted in the University of Sheffield shows that low blood sugar levels may lead to heart rhythm disturbances and even life-threatening heart attacks.

Low overnight blood sugar levels that often go undetected cause prolonged periods of heart rhythm disturbances in older patients with type 2 diabetes and associated heart problems, revealed the research.

“What we have found is potentially important in explaining a possible mechanism by which low overnight blood sugars lead to prolonged, slow heart rates that could disturb blood flow to the heart, causing life-threatening heart attacks,” said Simon Heller, a professor from University of Sheffield in Britain.

Through continuous glucose monitoring and electrocardiograms, the researchers tracked blood glucose levels and heart rates over a week in a group of older patients with Type 2 diabetes and a history of cardiovascular disease.

“While we expected to find some low overnight blood sugars we were startled to find how extensively it was occurring overnight and that it was sometimes lasting for several hours,” Heller noted.

Previous research has focused on the effects of high blood sugars on patients with diabetes, so more research was needed to understand how low blood sugars in patients with Type 2 diabetes caused irregular heartbeats, Heller emphasised.

The findings of the research offers new insights into the ‘Dead in Bed’ syndrome – where young people without any history of long-term complications die suddenly from the disease.

The study will appear in the forthcoming issue of Diabetes, the journal of the American Association of Diabetes.

Source: http://health.india.com

30.04.2014

The only difference between a good day and bad day is our ATTITUDE

29, April 2014

Sedentary lifestyle in Mumbai leading to increased cases of liver disease

Alcohol is no more the only cause of end-stage liver disease in the city. Doctors say sedentary lifestyle has led to an increasing numbers of Mumbaikars getting the fatty liver problem leading to liver cirrohosis (advance liver disease).

For a long time, excessive consumption of alcohol was considered as the root cause of a damaged liver. But even teetotallers who are overweight, with high abdominal obesity or waist circumference, can suffer from liver disease, say gastroenterologists and liver surgeons.

"The kind of lifestyle people have these days has by and large led to fatty liver disease becoming common among people, and the number is going to increase even further," said Dr SK Mathur, liver transplant expert at Fortis hospital. Fatty liver affects up to 10% of the urban population.

According to health experts, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) can reach epidemic proportions in the years to come, considering the improper lifestyles our youth are tempted to adopt today. Doctors say that in the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of liver cancer patients in India, especially in urban cities, because of unhealthy lifestyles.

NAFLD may cause the liver to swell (steatohepatitis). A swollen liver may cause scarring (cirrhosis) over time and may even lead to liver cancer or liver failure.

Dr Pravin Rathi, head of gastroenterology, BYL Nair Hospital and Bombay Hospital, said, "Obesity is more dangerous than alcohol. Globalisation and westernisation has led to many people getting NAFLD. As obesity and diabetes are correlated with fatty liver, there is an upward trend to the latter. NAFLD is increasing mainly due to wrong dietary habits and high intake of fats and carbohydrates and less of proteins."

While obesity is a cause for concern amongst the youth of India, doctors warn against rapid weight loss regimes. "Rapid weight loss regimes can lead to severe damage to liver. Therefore, people trying to lose weight should go for a gradual loss programme and adopt a healthy lifestyle," added Rathi.

Source: www.dnaindia.com/health

29.04.2014

Facebook leading women to eating disorders!

 Are you hooked all the time to Facebook in anticipation of another 'like'? Stop this habit as increased time on Facebook could lead women to negative body images - and possibly eating disorders later.

In a first study to link time spent on Facebook to poor body image, researchers found that more time on Facebook could lead to more negative feelings and more comparisons to bodies of friends.

Health professionals who work in the area of eating disorders and their prevention now have clear evidence of how social media relates to college women's body image and eating disorders.

"While time spent on Facebook had no relation to eating disorders, it did predict worse body image among participants," said Petya Eckler from Glasgow-based University of Strathclyde. To understand this, the researchers surveyed 881 college women about their Facebook use, eating and exercise habits and body image.

They were able to predict how often women felt negatively about their own bodies after looking at someone else's photos or posts, and how often women compared their own bodies to those of their friends."The findings also showed that more time spent on Facebook was associated with more negative feelings and more comparisons to the bodies of friends," co-author Yusuf Kalyango Jr from Ohio University added.

They also found that for women who want to lose weight, more time on Facebook led to more attention being paid to physical appearance.

This included attention to one's body and clothing. Poor body image can gradually lead to developing an unhealthy relationship with food. The attention to physical attributes may be even more dangerous on social media than on traditional media because participants in social media are people we know, researchers cautioned.

The team is scheduled to present its findings at the 64th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association in Seattle, Washington.

 Source: www.dnaindia.com/health

29.04.2014

Don’t talk, just act. Don’t say, just show. Don’t promise, just prove

28, April 2014

Can walking make you more creative?

Not been able to crack a solution to an office problem or feeling brain-jammed while in the middle of writing a creative plot? Go stroll around to get free-flowing thoughts back. Taking a simple walk may lead to more creativity than sitting, research says. “Incorporating physical activity into our lives is not only beneficial for our hearts but our brains as well. This research suggests an easy and productive way to weave it into certain work activities,” explained Marily Oppezzo from Santa Clara University. 

Many people claim they do their best thinking when walking. With this study, we finally may be taking a step or two toward discovering why, he added. To figure this out, Oppezzo and colleague Daniel L. Schwartz from Stanford University’s graduate school of education conducted studies involving 176 people, mostly college students. They found that those who walked instead of sitting or being pushed in a wheelchair consistently gave more creative responses on tests commonly used to measure creative thinking.  

When asked to solve problems with a single answer, however, the walkers fell slightly behind those who responded while sitting. Of the students tested for creativity while walking, 100 per cent came up with more creative ideas in one experiment. In other experiments, 95 per cent, 88 per cent and 81 per cent people from walker groups had more creative responses compared with when they were sitting, said the study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 

Source: http://health.india.com

28.04.2014

India should contribute to broader efforts against malaria: Experts

India should contribute to broader efforts against malaria as it is a leading producer and exporter of anti-malarial medicines, health experts have said. India, which has one of the largest burdens of malaria in the world, should also initiate national corporate engagement initiatives against the disease as a strong member of the G20 and the BRICS emerging market countries, they said according to a release.

‘With 95 percent of India’s population living in malaria-endemic areas and an estimated one million cases reported by the government each year, malaria continues to take a significant economic toll on the country,’ said Herve Verhoosel, Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Representative at the United Nations in New York. ‘We have a tremendous opportunity to leverage the power of a booming economy in India to unlock resources and scale-up malaria-control interventions that will save lives and foster greater development for all.  

‘I call on the private sector to join the government and civil society to help scale-up efforts and overcome biological challenges that threaten progress,’ he added. With 22 malaria-endemic countries in the Asia-Pacific, the region is home to over two billion people at risk of infection and accounts for approximately 32 million cases of malaria infection and 47,000 associated deaths each year. According to the health ministry, malaria deaths in India have been reduced by nearly half in the past decade, largely due to increased control efforts, a shift in drug policy and greater community participation and industry engagement.  

Source: http://health.india.com

28.04.2014

The secret of success is to know something nobody else knows

26, April 2014

Blood test may predict child obesity risk

London: Scientists have found that a simple blood test, which reads DNA, can be used to predict whether a child will become obese.

Researchers at the Universities of Southampton, Exeter and Plymouth used the test to assess the levels of epigenetic switches in the PGC1a gene - a gene that regulates fat storage in the body.

Epigenetic switches take place through a chemical change called DNA methylation, which controls how genes work and is set during early life.

The Southampton team found that the test, when carried out on children at five years old, differentiates between children with a high body fat and those with a low body fat when they were older.

Results showed that a rise in DNA methylation levels of 10 per cent at five years was associated with up to 12 per cent more body fat at 14 years. Results were independent of the child's gender, their amount of physical activity and their timing of puberty.

Dr Graham Burdge, of the University of Southampton who led the study with colleague Dr Karen Lillycrop, said, "It can be difficult to predict when children are very young, which children will put on weight or become obese." "It is important to know which children are at risk because help, such as suggestions about their diet, can be offered early and before they start to gain weight," Burdge said.

"The results of our study provide further evidence that being overweight or obese in childhood is not just due to lifestyle, but may also involve important basic processes that control our genes.

"We hope that this knowledge will help us to develop and test new ways to prevent children developing obesity which can be introduced before a child starts to gain excess weight. However, our findings now need to be tested in larger groups of children," Burdge said.

The study, which also involved Professor Terence Wilkin at the University of Exeter and Dr Joanne Hosking at the University of Plymouth, is published in the journal Diabetes.

The researchers used DNA samples from 40 children who took part in the EarlyBird project, which studied 300 children in Plymouth from the age of five until they were 14 years old.

Led by Wilkin, the study assessed the children in Plymouth each year for factors related to type 2 diabetes, such as the amount of exercise they undertook and the amount of fat in their body. A blood sample was collected and stored.

The Southampton team extracted DNA from these blood samples to test for epigenetic switches.

Source: www.zeenews.india.com/health

26.04.2014

New tool calculates your heart's true age

London: Scientists have developed a new tool that can calculate the true age of your heart to estimate your risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.

The risk calculator uses current familial and lifestyle risk factors to estimate the true age of a person's heart.

 It then predicts how many more years an individual can expect to live before they have a heart attack/stroke compared with someone without these particular factors - if no corrective action is taken.

According to new recommendations by researchers from several British medical societies, published in the BMJ journal Heart, the JBS3 risk calculator can help healthcare professionals and patients better understand cumulative lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and what can be done to lower it.

The calculator takes into account people's current lifestyle, blood pressure, cholesterol level and medical conditions that may affect the heart.

For example, a 35 year old woman smoker, with a systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg and a total cholesterol of 7 mmol/l, plus a family history of premature CVD, would have a true heart age of 47 and expect to survive to the age of 71 without having a heart attack/stroke. Her 10 year risk would be less than 2 per cent.

However, if this woman quit smoking, cut her total cholesterol to 4 mmol/l and her systolic blood pressure to 130 mm Hg, her heart age would fall to 30.

She could expect to live to the age of 85 before having a heart attack/stroke and more than halve her 10 year risk to less than 0.25 per cent.

For the majority of people, the JBS3 risk calculator can show the potential gains from an early and sustained change to a healthier lifestyle rather than prescription of drugs, the researchers said.

Lifestyle changes include quitting smoking, adopting a healthy diet, and boosting the amount of regular exercise while curbing sedentary activity.

Source: www.zeenews.india.com/health

26.04.2014

Be tough but look soft, be tense but look cool, be a beginner but look winner

25, April 2014

Medical Council of India stops use of animals for training UG medical students

The Medical Council of India (MCI) has amended the education regulations for medical colleges and universities by dissuading use of animals for training and experimentation and pushing for modern non- animal teaching methods.

The Gazette notification for the amendment states, "For teaching physiology and pharmacology in UG curriculum, the required knowledge and skills should be imparted by using computer-assisted modules."

Earlier this year, the University Grants Commission had also sent notices to all universities registered under them to stop animal dissection and experimentation in zoology and life sciences courses, following a pending official recommendation two years back.

These initiatives and regulations have come about due to the result of animal welfare organisations, such as People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), and activists, such as Maneka Gandhi, who have been writing to these central educational bodies for years against animal use in training students.

"This is a tremendous victory for animals who will no longer be killed to teach medical students when humane, non-animal teaching methods have proved to be superior," said PETA India Science Policy Adviser Dr Chaitanya Koduri.

According to PETA, nearly 97% of US medical schools, including Harvard, Stanford and Yale, neither use any animals to train medical students nor require experience with dissection for potential applicants.

Medical universities in Maharashtra, on the other hand, claim animals are not being used for any training purposes for years now. "With all the technology that is available to us now, we don't require live animals for teaching. Mannequins and models have been around for decades and we also have artificial simulators which do the job. The phase-out of animals in medical schools has already been implemented," said Dr Sudhir Deshmukh, dean of the medical faculty at Maharashtra University of Health Sciences.

Source: www.dnaindia.com/health          25.04.2014

Bad treatment for spinal injury could lead to paralysis

The rampant unauthorised and unproven stem cell transplant for spinal cord injury can leave a person paralysed below the level of injury, health experts said Thursday.

Issuing a statement to caution people about such practices and create awareness on the issue, the Association of Spine Surgeons of India (ASSI) said: ‘There is an urgent need to create awareness on the issue, and advise the spinal cord injured and their families to make informed decisions regarding the plethora of ‘effective’ stem transplant treatments being offered across the world.’ ‘Over the past decade, various clinics in India and abroad have started offering experimental treatments, often involving transplants of stem cells, which are advertised as having beneficial effects, even though there is little or no evidence supporting such claims,’ said ASSI president Ram Chaddha.  

He added these stem cells transplant procedures attempt to establish credibility by citing experimental studies that have no direct relation to the spinal cord injuries. Sajan Hegde, consultant spine surgeon at Apollo Hospital who also heads its orthopaedics department, said the only accurate way to determine that a treatment is beneficial is to carry a properly designed study with an appropriate control group.  

‘It is important to conduct valid clinical trials to evaluate whether stem cell and cellular transplant can be offered as a valid option after the spinal cord injury. Some properly conducted trials are now being under taken, but it is advisable to wait for the results from these objective studies,’ he said.  

Source: http://health.india.com

25.04.2014

Kidney donation knows no boundaries!

Two women Nazia Habib and Vimala Dwivedi broke all the shackles of caste, creed and religion to see their husbands back on their foot and in pink of health. Both were looking for a donor for their respective husbands and had lost all hope for a matching kidney. Nazia’s husband Mohammad Shamim was on dialysis for the last 2 years and was in dire need for a kidney transplant.

Nazia wanted to help her husband, but she couldn’t donate her kidney to him as it did not match his blood group. She reached Max Super Speciality Hospital in Saket where she was informed about the possibility of kidney paired donation. Kidney paired donation occurs when a living kidney donor is incompatible with the recipient, and hence exchanges kidneys with another donor-recipient pair. Such transplantation enables two incompatible recipients to receive healthy, more compatible kidneys from each other?s relatives. 

Patient Ramesh Dwivedi, a government servant and a resident of Gorakhpur was on dialysis since February 2013. His 40-year-old wife Vimala Devi, a home maker, readily offered to donate her kidney to save her husband’s life, but couldn’t due to blood group mismatch. On approaching Max Hospital’s Institute of Renal Sciences, she found out about Nazia who had B+ blood group and could donate kidneys to her husband. On the other hand, Vimala’s blood group and other vitals matched with Nazia’s husband.  

The team led by Dr Dinesh Khullar and Dr Anant Kumar arranged a meeting of both the families and educated them about the possibility of helping each other. On April 9, the patients and donors were taken in for surgery. After about an eight-hour long surgery, Ramesh was successfully implanted with Nazia’s kidney and Mohd Shamim was implanted with Vimala’s kidney. Both the patients and donors have been discharged.  

‘Every organ donated can save a life. In a year, approximately 2 lac new patients need kidney transplantation in India, but only 5000 can actually manage a kidney transplantation. Rest of the patients do not get treatment due to finances or unavailability of donor. We all must consider donating our organs after death. In case of unavailablity of deceased donors, the family members must not shy away from donating their kidney’. ‘This sindoor that I apply on my forehead is a precious gift given by Nazia. My husband owes his life to Nazia and she and her family will always be close to us,’ Vimala said.

Source: http://health.india.com

25.04.2014

If you focus on results, you will never change. If you focus on change, you will get results

Jack Dixon

24, April 2014

Babies born to women over 30 at accelerated risk of developing autism

Older parents are likelier to have a child who develops an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than are younger parents, a new study has suggested.

The study from researchers from the Drexel University School of Public Health in Philadelphia and Karolinska Institute in Sweden provides more insight into how the risk associated with parental age varies between mothers' and fathers' ages, and found that the risk of having a child with both ASD and intellectual disability is larger for older parents.

In the study, researchers report that fathers' and mothers advancing ages have different impacts on their child's risk. The rise in ASD risk with parental age was greater for older mothers as compared to older fathers.

In this study, Brian K. Lee, PhD, an assistant professor in the Drexel University School of Public Health, and colleagues analyzed a large population registry sample of 417,303 children born in Sweden between 1984 and 2003, adjusted for numerous possible factors that could vary with parental age and also influence risk, such as family income and each parent's psychiatric history.

The study also used a particularly comprehensive case-finding approach, to identify more ASD cases than other studies might, based on all pathways to care in a socialized health system.

The study has been published in the International Journal of Epidemiology. 

Source: www.dnaindia.com/health

24.04.2014

Study warns kitchens may carry multi-drug resistant bacteria

Prefer spicy restaurant food over home-made delicacies? Get alarmed as hands of food preparers and chopping boards remain a source of transmission for multi-drug resistant bacteria such as E coli, a study warns.

"The spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria has been associated with the hospital setting, but new findings suggest that transmission of drug-resistant E coli occurs both in hospitals and kitchens," explained Andreas Widmer from University Hospital in Basel, Switzerland.

The findings emphasise the importance of hand hygiene, not only after handling raw poultry, but also after contact with cutting boards used in poultry preparation, he added.

To reach this conclusion, researchers collected and examined 298 cutting boards (154 from University Hospital and 144 from private households) after preparation of various meats - poultry, beef/veal, pork, lamb, game and fish - and before being cleaned.

These samples were tested for the presence of bacteria that includes Salmonella, E coli and Klebsiella.

In testing the cutting boards, researchers found that boards used in households had E coli on 3.5% of these surfaces.

They also found that 50% of the kitchen gloves were contaminated with this drug-resistant E coli.

The meat's country of origin did not play a factor in the presence of bacteria on any of the surfaces, said the study, published in the journal Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology.

Source: www.dnaindia.com/health

24.04.2014

Accept your past without regrets, handle you present with confidence and face your future without fear

22, April 2014

Why Monday is a good day to start with a fitness regimen

If you’ve been wanting to start with a new fitness regimen or go on a diet or just make that doctor’s appointment, Monday is the best day, say scientists.

A new study analyzing weekly patterns in health-related Google searches reveals a recurring pattern that could be leveraged to improve public health strategies. Investigators from San Diego State University, the Santa Fe Institute, Johns Hopkins University, and the Monday Campaigns, analyzed ‘healthy’ Google searches (searches that included the term healthy and were indeed health-related, e.g., ‘healthy diet’) originating in the US from 2005 to 2012.

They found that on average, searches for health topics were 30 percent more frequent at the beginning of the week than on days later in the week, with the lowest average number of searches on Saturday. This pattern was consistent year after year, week after week, using a daily measure to represent the proportion of healthy searches to the total number of searches each day.  

‘Many illnesses have a weekly clock with spikes early in the week,’ SDSU’s John W. Ayers, lead author of the study, said. ‘This research indicates that a similar rhythm exists for positive health behaviors, motivating a new research agenda to understand why this pattern exists and how such a pattern can be utilized to improve the public’s health,’ he said.  

Joanna Cohen, PhD, a co-author of the study and professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, added, ‘We could be seeing this effect because of the perception that Monday is a fresh start, akin to a mini New Year’s Day. People tend to indulge in less healthybehaviors on the weekend, so Monday can serve as a ‘health reset’ to get back on track with theirhealth regimens.’ The study is published in the American Journal ofPreventive Medicine.  

Source: http://health.india.com

22.04.2014

Now a drug that can help reduce alcohol consumption!

A new study has found that anti-seizure drug ezogabine reduced alcohol consumption in an experimental model. Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) found that alcoholism can be treated by this newly discovered mechanism that helps to regulate brain activity known as Kv7 channel modulation.

Clifford Knapp lead author of the story said that the finding is of importance because ezogabine acts by opening a particular type of potassium channel in the brain, called the Kv7 channel, which regulates activity in areas of the brain that are believed to regulate the rewarding effects of alcohol.  

The researchers believe these finding will encourage the search for other drugs that act on this system to discover more effective treatments for alcoholism. The study was published in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.

What is adverse health effects of over-consumption

It’s not considered a disease by many.

Ill effects

The effects of alcoholism are far-reaching. Because of alcoholism, the alcoholic can suffer lot of health issues. It includes:

·         poor nutrition,

·         memory disorders,

·         difficulty with balance and walking,

·         liver disease (including cirrhosis and hepatitis),

·         high blood pressure,

·         muscle weakness (including the heart),

·         heart rhythm disturbances,

·         anaemia,

·         clotting disorders,

·          decreased immunity to infections  

Source: http://health.india.com

22.04.2014

Don’t spoil what you have,

 by desiring what you don't have

21, April 2014

Pregnant women with high BP at risk

Researchers have said that pregnant women with chronic hypertension (high blood pressure) are highly likely to suffer from adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight and neonatal death.

Chronic hypertension complicates between 1-5 per cent of pregnancies, and the problem may be increasing because of changes in the antenatal population.

Researchers from King's College London carried out a study to assess the strength of evidence linking chronic hypertension with poor pregnancy outcomes. They combined data from studies from 55 studies done in 25 countries.

The researchers looked at the following outcomes: preterm delivery (delivery before 37 weeks' gestation); low birth weight (below 2500g); perinatal death (fetal death after 20 weeks' gestation including stillbirth and neonatal death up to one month) and admission to neonatal intensive care or special care baby units.

The relative risk of pre-eclampsia (a condition in pregnancy characterised by high blood pressure) in women with chronic hypertension was on average nearly eight times higher than pre-eclampsia in non-hypertensive women. All adverse neonatal outcomes were at least twice as likely to occur, compared with the general population.

The researchers conclude that "chronic hypertension is associated with a high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with a general population".

The study has been published in the British Medical journal.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

21.04.2014

Antibiotics improve growth in kids

Researchers have suggested that antibiotics are able to improve growth in children at risk of undernourishment in low and middle income countries.

Their results suggest that the youngest children from the most vulnerable populations benefit most and show significant improvements toward expected growth for their age and sex, particularly for weight.

A team of researchers from McGill, the University of British Columbia and others, set out to determine whether antibiotics lead to improvements in growth in pre-pubertal children living in low and middle income countries.

Paper's first author Ethan Gough, McGill PhD candidate in the Faculty of Medicine (Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health), said they looked at changes in both height and weight.

He said that they searched the research literature for studies that treated children aged 1 month to 12 years with an antibiotic, and analyzed the results of 10 trials involving 4,316 children in seven low and middle income countries. Children were generally smaller in height and weight than adequately nourished children of the same age. This group of studies reflects the spectrum of stunting and wasting malnutrition seen in these countries.

Amee Manges, a professor in the School of Population and Public Health, at the University of British Columbia, said that overall they we found that antibiotic treatment had a positive effect on both height and weight with increases of 0.04 cm/month for height and by 23.8 g/month for weight, asserting that after accounting for differences in the age of the study participants, effects on height were larger in the youngest children and effects on weight were larger in the trials that were conducted in Africa.

The results have been published in the British Medical Journal.

Source: www.timesofindia.com

21.04.2014

Once you choose HOPE, anything is POSSIBLE

Christopher Reeve