Tuesday, 11 December 2012

12 December, 2012


Third Eye Retroscope – a rear-view mirror that helps spot bowel cancer
A new device known as the Third Eye Retroscope acts as a ‘rear-view mirror’ that can help the surgeon detect bowel cancer during examinations and its abnormalities. Bowel cancer is the third most common cancer afflicting the UK, with 40,000 new diagnoses a year, of which 16,000 end in fatalities. Although the disease is treatable if detected early, 90 percent of patients are diagnosed once the cancer is advanced, often because they are too embarrassed to seek medical help.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, blood in the stools and unexpected weight loss. The device is used along with a standard colonoscope to improve detection. Thousands of patients a year undergo a colonoscopy, the New England Journal of Medicine reported.
This 30-minute out-patient procedure, often carried out under sedation, involves a colonoscope – a thin, bendy tube with a video camera and light on the end of it – being inserted into the anal orifice, according to the Daily Mail. As the device is withdrawn from the body, the camera relays video images of the inside of the bowel back to the doctor to check for abnormal growths, called adenomatous polyps or adenomas. These can then be removed before they become cancerous.
Research has revealed that removing adenomas reduces deaths from bowel cancer by 53 percent. However, a number of studies published over the past 15 years have shown that traditional colonoscopies miss between 21 and 24 percent of adenomas, and 12 percent of large adenomas one cm or more in size which are at greatest risk of becoming cancerous. In two-thirds of cases, this is because they are hidden behind folds in the wall of the bowel. In other cases, adenomas may be missed because the bowel has not been emptied properly before the procedure.
US scientists have developed the Third Eye Retroscope, which provides an additional video camera which gives a rear-facing view to reveal the areas behind folds that are hidden from the front-facing view of the colonoscope.


12.12.2012


Around 50% of newborns suffer from zinc deficiency: Study
A study, coordinated by the AIIMS paediatrics department, conducted on newborns and infants in three city hospitals in Delhi has found that one in two children suffers from zinc deficiency which can lead to stunted growth and poor immunity.
The study was funded by ICMR and babies born at AIIMS, Kasturba and Swami Dayanand hospitals between 2009 and 2010 were part of it. The findings were published in international journal Neonatology.
The study found that both low birth weight infants and babies born with a normal birth weight suffer from deficiency of the crucial micronutrient, and the level drops with age. 51 per cent of 182 low birth weight babies suffered from zinc deficiency, the blood samples taken within 48 hours of birth revealed. 42.4 per cent of 103 normal weight newborns did not have the standard zinc level. 90.8 per cent of mothers carrying low birth weight children and 91.2 per cent of those who gave birth to normal weight babies were suffering from zinc deficiency, the study also revealed.
When these babies turned two to 10 months old their blood samples were studied again. The tests revealed that 79 per cent of 100 low birth weight and 66.7 per cent of 66 normal infants had inadequate amounts of zinc. ‘Zinc levels could have fallen after birth because their mothers’ milk, the primary source of zinc for infants, didn’t have sufficient amount of the micronutrient,’ Dr Ramesh Agarwal, associate professor of paediatrics at AIIMS and corresponding author of the study, noted.
36 per cent of low birth weight and 18.2 per cent of normal infants in the study group were given multi-vitamin supplements for zinc after birth. ‘We analysed the serum zinc levels in newborns and infants. We don’t think a newborn’s birth weight played a significant role because the deficiency levels were similar in both groups. As low birth weight babies grew older, the deficiency levels dropped significantly despite being given supplements,’ Dr Agarwal said.
‘Most of the zinc is accumulated during the final trimester of pregnancy. Pre-term babies have limited capacity to absorb and retain micronutrients,’ a doctor said.


12.12.2012







Nothing can come of nothing

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